Genetické a molekulární faktory ovlivňující výsledky transplantací solidních orgánů

Since its beginning, graft rejection remains the key problem of solid organ transplantation. This reaction of the recipient's immune system against mismatched antigens of the transplanted organ causes graft damage and consequently loss of its function. Rejection involves cellular (lymphocyte mediated) and humoral (antibody mediated) mechanisms. Among the genetic factors which may have a prognostic value in rejection risk evaluation are the Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) genotype, the Killer Immunoglobuline-like Receptor (KIR) gene repertoir, cytokine and other gene polymorphisms. These factors could be screened for before transplantation to find the best possible combination of genetic characteristics of the donor and recipient and to reveal patients with "risky" genotypes, who may need more intensive immunosuppression and more careful post-transplant follow-up. Molecular factors, such as HLA and non-HLA antibodies, soluble CD30 molecule (sCD30), Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) and other cytokines, measured before and/or after transplantation in the recipient's blood may be helpful for rejection risk estimation and may also be used as post-transplant rejection onset markers. In our study, we focused on some of the above mentioned factors. We found that ethnicity plays a significant role in the...Souhrn transplantovaných orgánů. Rejekce je reakci imunitního systému příjemce proti neshodným rejekce) mechanizmy. Mezi genetické faktory, které mohou mít - like receptorů (KIR), cytokinové polymorphysmy a další geny. Předtransplantační vyšetření těchto faktorů - Molekulární faktory - - v krvi příjemce můžou jednak napomoci hodnocení rizika rejekce, jednak sloužit jako mark a závěry jsou následující. Etnikum hraje velkou roli v distribuci KIR genů, genů KIR ligandů a v zastoupení jednotlivých KIR haplotypů. Toto se můsí brát do úvahy při extrapolaci údajů získaných z jiných etnických skupin a při provádění srovnávacích studií. Naše studie prokázala, že kombinovaná produkce protilátek proti HLA I. a II. třídy je nejrizikovější pro vznik humorální rejekce jak u příjemců ledvin, tak u příjemců srdce, zatímco předtransplantační produkce MICA protilátek nemá výrazný vliv na výskyt humorální nebo buněčné rejekce. Koncentrace sCD30 před a/nebo po transplantaci není dostatečně spolehlivým samostatným prediktorem AMR a/nebo CR u příjemců ledvin. Avšak u pacientů s protilátkami proti HLA antigenům, měření koncentrace sCD30 napomáhá k detekci pacientů s největším a nejnižším rizikem rejekce. Jsme také zjistili, že hodnoty růstového faktoru hepatocytů (HGF) naměřené před a po transplantaci nejsou v přímé korelaci s...Department of Cell BiologyKatedra buněčné biologieFaculty of SciencePřírodovědecká fakult

Daple is a novel non-receptor GEF required for trimeric G protein activation in Wnt signaling

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Эпикардиальная трансплантация пластов из мезенхимальных стромальных клеток жировой клетчатки способствует активации эпикарда и стимулирует ангиогенез при инфаркте миокарда (экспериментальное исследование)

Aim: to evaluate the impact of tissue-engineered structures (TES) transplantation based on mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) sheets in myocardial infarction on the activation of the epicardial cell pool and vascularization of the damaged zone.Materials and methods. Mesenchymal stromal cells were obtained from samples of subcutaneous fat of Wistar rats and C57Bl/6 mice. Tissue engineering structures were obtained by culturing cell sheets on thermosensitive plates (Nunc Dishes with UpCell Surface). Transplantation of TESs was performed after myocardial infarction modeling in rats by ligation of the anterior descending coronary artery. Transplant cells and damaged zones were assessed using immunofluorescent staining of myocardial cryosections. The impact of MSC secretion products on the migration activity of epicardial cells in vitro was evaluated using the explant culture method.Results. MSCs in TESs after transplantation remain viable and induce activation of the epicardial cell pool and local increase of the damaged zone vascularization. The in vitro experiments showed that the conditioned environment of MSCs stimulates the migratory activity of epicardial cells and initiates the formation of activated Wt1/POD1 precursor cells.Conclusion. TES transplantation on the basis of MSC sheets seems to be a promising approach for effective delivery of viable cells into myocardium to activate the epicardial cellular niche and reparative angiogenesis.Цель исследования: оценить влияние трансплантации тканеинженерных конструкций (ТИК) на основе пластов мезенхимальных стромальных клеток (МСК) при инфаркте миокарда на активацию эпикардиального пула клеток и васкуляризацию зоны повреждения.Материалы и методы. МСК получили из образцов подкожной жировой клетчатки крыс линии Wistar и мышей линии C57Bl/6. ТИК получили путем культивирования пластов клеток на чашках с термочувствительным покрытием (Nunc Dishes with UpCell Surface). Трансплантацию ТИК проводили после моделирования инфаркта миокарда у крысы путем перевязки передней нисходящей коронарной артерии. Оценку состояния клеток трансплантата и зоны повреждения проводили с использованием иммунофлуоресцентного окрашивания криосрезов миокарда. Для оценки влияния продуктов секреции МСК на миграционную активность клеток эпикарда in vitro использовали метод эксплантной культуры.Результаты. МСК в составе ТИК после трансплантации сохраняют жизнеспособность и вызывают активацию эпикардиального пула клеток и локальное повышение васкуляризации зоны повреждения. Эксперименты in vitro показали, что кондиционированная среда МСК оказывает стимулирующее воздействие на миграционную активность клеток эпикарда и вызывает образование активированных Wt1/POD1 клеток-предшественниц.Заключение. Трансплантация ТИК на основе пластов МСК представляется рациональным подходом для эффективной доставки жизнеспособных клеток в миокард с целью активирующего воздействия на эпикардиальную клеточную нишу и репаративный ангиогенез

Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Stimulate Regeneration of Peripheral Nerves: BDNF Secreted by These Cells Promotes Nerve Healing and Axon Growth De Novo

Transplantation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) induces tissue regeneration by accelerating the growth of blood vessels and nerve. However, mechanisms by which they accelerate the growth of nerve fibers are only partially understood. We used transplantation of ASCs with subcutaneous matrigel implants (well-known in vivo model of angiogenesis) and model of mice limb reinnervation to check the influence of ASC on nerve growth. Here we show that ASCs stimulate the regeneration of nerves in innervated mice's limbs and induce axon growth in subcutaneous matrigel implants. To investigate the mechanism of this action we analyzed different properties of these cells and showed that they express numerous genes of neurotrophins and extracellular matrix proteins required for the nerve growth and myelination. Induction of neural differentiation of ASCs enhances production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as well as ability of these cells to induce nerve fiber growth. BDNF neutralizing antibodies abrogated the stimulatory effects of ASCs on the growth of nerve sprouts. These data suggest that ASCs induce nerve repair and growth via BDNF production. This stimulatory effect can be further enhanced by culturing the cells in neural differentiation medium prior to transplantation

Genetic and molecular factors influencing the outcome of solid organ transplantation

Since its beginning, graft rejection remains the key problem of solid organ transplantation. This reaction of the recipient's immune system against mismatched antigens of the transplanted organ causes graft damage and consequently loss of its function. Rejection involves cellular (lymphocyte mediated) and humoral (antibody mediated) mechanisms. Among the genetic factors which may have a prognostic value in rejection risk evaluation are the Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) genotype, the Killer Immunoglobuline-like Receptor (KIR) gene repertoir, cytokine and other gene polymorphisms. These factors could be screened for before transplantation to find the best possible combination of genetic characteristics of the donor and recipient and to reveal patients with "risky" genotypes, who may need more intensive immunosuppression and more careful post-transplant follow-up. Molecular factors, such as HLA and non-HLA antibodies, soluble CD30 molecule (sCD30), Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) and other cytokines, measured before and/or after transplantation in the recipient's blood may be helpful for rejection risk estimation and may also be used as post-transplant rejection onset markers. In our study, we focused on some of the above mentioned factors. We found that ethnicity plays a significant role in the..

Improvement of hydrometallurgical processes of refining of silver and production of metal powders on silver base

Purpose: development of theoretical bases of improvement of the silver electrolytic refining process and production of silver powders and alloys by chemical methods. The work substantiates for the first time principles of selection of the production medium for silver refining, describes the performed complex thermodynamic and kinetic investigations of the anodic dissolution and cathode reduction of silver in perchlorate media and production of metallic silver powders and alloys in the presence of surface-active substances. The results of the work include the development of the silver electrolytic refining process in perchlorate media which provides for high technical and economic characteristics and ecological cleanness of the process. The developments also include the process of production of a silver powder possessing the prescribed physico-chemical properties by reduction in the presence of the surface-active substances and the process of production of silver powders and alloys with zinc under the conditions of a self-propagating reaction. The developed processes have undergone large-scale tests. The quality of the silver powders and alloys has increased and the technical and economic characteristics and the ecological cleanness have been improvedAvailable from VNTIC / VNTIC - Scientific & Technical Information Centre of RussiaSIGLERURussian Federatio

Additional education of children as an innovative resource for the development of regional educational potential

The article describes the Russian experience of building a system of additional education. It is shown that this experience is consistent with world educational practices and has unique features. These features are shown on the example of the Kaluga Region (space-oriented education, support for children’s giftedness, and career guidance to the benefit of the region). Additional education of children in Russia is considered a unique educational system. The article presents the global experience of individual-oriented educational practice aimed at forming human capital. The authors use statistical data reflecting the work of additional education of children in the region in the context of the Kaluga Region. The novelty of the research is due to the reflective and axiological approach to the organization of pedagogical support of teenagers’ self-development in the context of additional education of children as a key element in the formation of human capital. This approach represents a special type of pedagogical interaction. The goal of pedagogical support is searching for their life purpose and implementing the found meanings in the “project of their own life”. The article defines the regularities on which the authors’ approach is based (a humanistic type of interaction between the teacher and adolescents as accompanist partners; eventfulness of the educational process, which is scoped to the boundaries of the child’s life activity in general; building a space for knowing one’s selfhood and its implementation by a teenager), as well as basic principles (actualization of reflection, and value attitude of children to their life activity). Pedagogical support of adolescents, based on the ideas of the reflective and value approach, contributes to the development of human capital

Epicardial Transplantation of Adipose Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Sheets Promotes Epicardial Activation and Stimulates Angiogenesis in Myocardial Infarction (Experimental Study)

Aim: to evaluate the impact of tissue-engineered structures (TES) transplantation based on mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) sheets in myocardial infarction on the activation of the epicardial cell pool and vascularization of the damaged zone.Materials and methods. Mesenchymal stromal cells were obtained from samples of subcutaneous fat of Wistar rats and C57Bl/6 mice. Tissue engineering structures were obtained by culturing cell sheets on thermosensitive plates (Nunc Dishes with UpCell Surface). Transplantation of TESs was performed after myocardial infarction modeling in rats by ligation of the anterior descending coronary artery. Transplant cells and damaged zones were assessed using immunofluorescent staining of myocardial cryosections. The impact of MSC secretion products on the migration activity of epicardial cells in vitro was evaluated using the explant culture method.Results. MSCs in TESs after transplantation remain viable and induce activation of the epicardial cell pool and local increase of the damaged zone vascularization. The in vitro experiments showed that the conditioned environment of MSCs stimulates the migratory activity of epicardial cells and initiates the formation of activated Wt1/POD1 precursor cells.Conclusion. TES transplantation on the basis of MSC sheets seems to be a promising approach for effective delivery of viable cells into myocardium to activate the epicardial cellular niche and reparative angiogenesis